In our modern life, we visit many websites according to our needs. There every website has a specific URL like https://www.tanzimulhaque.com. We can see that some URL starts with “http” and some URL starts with “https”. Now you can ask, why does it happen? The cause behind this incident is the SSL Certificate. So today I will explain about characteristics, advantages and working principles of the SSL Certificate.

What is an SSL Certificate?

SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer, a worldwide standard security innovation that empowers encoded transmission between an internet browser and a web server. It is used by millions of online organizations and people to minimize the danger of delicate data (e.g., credit card numbers, usernames, passwords, messages, and so on) from being theft or altered by hackers and character cheats. Fundamentally, SSL considers a private “discussion” just between the two intended parties.

In short: SSL keeps internet connections secure and prevents criminals from reading or modifying information transferred between the internet browser and the webserver. When you see a padlock icon next to the URL in the address bar, that means SSL protects the website you are visiting.

Since its inception about 25 years ago, there have been several versions of SSL protocol, all of which at some point ran into security troubles. A revamped and renamed version followed — TLS (Transport Layer Security), which is still in use today. However, the initials SSL stuck, so the new version of the protocol is still usually called by the old name.

How does an SSL Certificate work?

SSL works by confirming that any information relocated among clients and sites, or between two systems, stays difficult to peruse. It utilizes an encryption method to scramble the information on the way, which keeps programmers from perusing it as it is sent over the conjunction. This information incorporates possibly delicate data like names, addresses, credit card numbers, or other monetary subtleties.

The procedure works like this:

  • A program or worker endeavours to interface with a site (i.e., a web server) got with SSL.
  • The program or worker demands that the web worker recognizes itself.
  • The web server sends the browser or server a duplicate of its SSL certificate in the reaction.
  • The browser or server verifies whether it trusts the SSL certificate. On the off chance that it does, it flags this to the webserver.
  • The web server then, at that point returns digitally signed acknowledgement to begin an SSL encoded session.
  • The encoded information is divided among the browser or server and the webserver.

This interaction is now and then alluded to as an “SSL handshake.” While it seems like an extensive process, it happens in milliseconds.

At the point when a site is sure by an SSL certificate, the abbreviation HTTPS (which represents HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) shows up in the URL. Without an SSL certificate, just the letters HTTP – i.e., without the S for Secure – will show up. A lock symbol will likewise show in the URL address bar. These signs trust and give consolation to those visiting the site.

To see an SSL certificate’s feature, you can tap on the lock image situated inside the browser address bar. Features normally included inside SSL certificates include:

  • The domain name that the certificate was issued for
  • Which person, organization, or device it was issued to
  • Which Certificate Authority issued it
  • The Certificate Authority’s digital signature
  • Associated subdomains
  • Issue date of the certificate
  • The expiry date of the certificate
  • The public key (the private key is not revealed)

Why do you need an SSL Certificate?

Websites need SSL certificates to keep client information secure, check responsibility for the site, keep assailants from making a fake version of the site, and pass on trust to clients.

In the event that a site is requesting that clients sign in, enter individual confidential information, for example, their credit card numbers, or view private data, for example, medical advantages or monetary data, then, at that point, it is vital to keep the information secret. SSL certificates assist with keeping on the web connections hidden and guarantee clients that the site is real and protected to impart private data to.

More applicable to organizations is the way that an SSL authentication is needed for an HTTPS web address. HTTPS is the protected type of HTTP, which implies that HTTPS sites have their traffic encoded by SSL. Most browsers label HTTP destinations – those without SSL certificates – as “not secure.” This conveys a reasonable message to clients that the site may not be reliable – boosting organizations who have not done as such to move to HTTPS.

An SSL certificate helps to secure information such as:

  • Login credentials
  • Credit card transactions or bank account information
  • Personally, identifiable information — such as full name, address, date of birth, or telephone number
  • Legal documents and contracts
  • Medical records
  • Proprietary information

Types of SSL Certificate

There are different types of SSL certificates with different validation levels. The six main types are:

  1. Extended Validation Certificates (EV SSL)
  2. Organization Validated Certificates (OV SSL)
  3. Domain Validated Certificates (DV SSL)
  4. Wildcard SSL Certificates
  5. Multi-Domain SSL Certificates (MDC)
  6. Unified Communications Certificates (UCC)

1. Extended Validation Certificates (EV SSL)

An EV certificate is the highest level of SSL certificate. All SSL certificates – Extended Validation (EV), Organization Validated (OV), and Domain Validated (DV) – gives encryption and information integrity. Be that as it may, they change in how severe the cycle is to confirm the character of the site proprietor. An EV certificate gives the most elevated level of digital identity confirmation by checking the legitimate character of a site proprietor.

As indicated by the Guidelines for the Issuance and Management of Extended Validation Certificates the essential capacity of an EV certificate is to:

“Identify the legal entity that controls a Web site: Provide a reasonable assurance to the user of an Internet browser that the Web site the user is accessing is controlled by a specific legal entity identified in the EV Certificate by name, address of Place of Business, Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Registration and Registration Number or other disambiguating information.”

Affirmation of the site’s identity is done by the thorough CAB Forum rules and includes a severe screening measure by a public Certificate Authority. The Certificate Authority should approve the operational and physical identity of the individual mentioning an EV certificate. This is finished by affirming the lawful character of the site proprietor and that the candidate is the proprietor and the sole regulator of the domain. In light of the lively interaction of the site proprietor identity verification, an EV certificate gives a high degree of trust for the site visitors.

 

Before pre-winter 2019, a guest to an EV approved site could recognize this webpage by either the site name in green content or on a green bar that showed the legitimate name and geographic area of the organization that owned the certificate. In any case, beginning from that period, both Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome eliminated that sign. All SSL certificates show now a grey padlock in the browser address bar.

2. Organization Validated Certificates (OV SSL)

This certificate checks that your organization and domain validation are genuine. Organization Validated (OV) SSL certificates offer a medium level of encryption and are acquired in two stages. In the first place, the CA would check who claims the domain and if the organization is working lawfully.

On the browser, clients would see a little green lock with the organization’s name following. Utilize this sort of certificate on the off chance that you don’t have the monetary assets for an EV SSL yet need to offer a moderate degree of encryption.

3. Domain Validated Certificates (DV SSL)

The Domain Validation (DV) certificate offers a low level of encryption displayed as a green padlock close to the URL in the address bar. This is the speediest approval you can get, and you’ll just need a few organization records to apply.

This Validation happens when you add a DNS to the CA. For this authentication, the CA will survey the right of the candidate to own the domain being submitted. (Note: DVs don’t secure subdomains, simply the domain itself).

Dissimilar to the EV SSL, the CA will not vet any identity information, so you will not realize who is accepting your encoded data. In any case, in case you’re important for a business that can’t bear the cost of a more elevated level SSL, a DV takes care of business.

4. Wildcard SSL Certificates

Wildcard SSL certificate secures your site URL and a limitless number of its subdomains. For instance, a solitary Wildcard declaration can secure www.tanzimulhaque.com, blog.tanzimulhaque.com, and web.tanzimulhaque.com.

Wildcard certificate secures the normal name and all subdomains at the level you indicate when you submit your request. Simply add an indicator (*) in the subdomain region to one side of the common name.

Examples

If you request your certificate for *. tanzimulhaque.com, you can secure:

  1. tanzimulhaque.com
  2. www. tanzimulhaque.com
  3. photos. tanzimulhaque.com
  4. blog. tanzimulhaque.com

If you request your certificate for *.www. tanzimulhaque.com, you can secure:

  1. www. tanzimulhaque.com
  2. mail.www. tanzimulhaque.com
  3. photos.www. tanzimulhaque.com
  4. blog.www. tanzimulhaque.com

Wildcard certificate secures sites very much like regular SSL certificates, and requests are processed utilizing similar approval strategies. Nonetheless, some Web servers may require a unique IP address for each subdomain on the Wildcard certificate.

5. Multi-Domain SSL Certificate (MDC)

A multi-domain SSL certificate is a solitary certificate that covers various domains on a solitary IP. With regards to the strength of encryption, a SAN or a UCC multi-domain certificate utilizes similar encryption principles as the remainder of the arrangements offered by any trusted third-party certificate authority (CA). The distinction lies in the SAN extension that is utilized to determine the excessive domains.

For example:

  1. www. tanzimulhaque.com
  2. tanzimulhaque.org
  3. mail. tanzimulhaque.net
  4. example. tanzimulhaque.com.au
  5. checkout. tanzimulhaque.com
  6. secure. tanzimulhaque.org

6. Unified Communications Certificate (UCC)

Unified Communications certificates are SSL certificates intending to secure mail server arrangements like Microsoft Exchange and Microsoft Live Communications Server. Those mail servers require a few subdomains to work: owa.mydomain.com for Outlook Web Access, the webmail, mail.mydomain.com as the mail server’s hostname, and autodiscover.mydomain.com for auto-arrangement of email clients.

A UCC certificate is not all that much or nothing, not exactly a SAN SSL certificate, which permits other Subject Alternative Names to be added beside the base domain name, or all in all a declaration that contains server pseudonyms.

How to obtain an SSL Certificate

SSL certificates can be obtained directly from a Certificate Authority (CA). Certificate Authorities – here and there likewise alluded to as Certification Authorities – issue a large number of SSL certificates every year. They play a critical role in how the internet operates and how transparent, trusted interactions can occur online.

The expense of an SSL certificate can go from free to many dollars, contingent upon the level of safety you require. When you settle on the kind of certificate you require, you would then be able to search for Certificate Issuers, which offer SSLs at the level you require.

Obtaining your SSL involves the following steps:

  • Plan by getting your server set up and guaranteeing your WHOIS record is refreshed and matches with what you are submitting to the Certificate Authority (it needs to show the right organization name and address, and so on).
  • Producing a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) on your worker. This is an activity your hosting company can help with.
  • Presenting this to the Certificate Authority to approve your domain and company details.
  • Installing the certificate, they give once the interaction is finished.

Once acquired, you need to arrange the certificate on your web host or on your own servers on the off chance that you host the site yourself.

How rapidly you accept your certificate relies upon what kind of certificate you get and which certificate provider you get it from. Each level of approval sets aside an alternate length of time to finish. A simple Domain Validation SSL certificate can be given promptly after being requested, while Extended Validation can take up to an entire week.

Can an SSL Certificate be used on multiple servers?

It is possible to utilize one SSL certificate for various domains on a similar server. Contingent upon the seller, you can likewise utilize one SSL certificate on different servers. This is a result of Multi-Domain SSL certificates, which we talked about above.

As the name suggests, Multi-Domain SSL Certificates work with numerous domains. The number is surrendered to the particular giving Certificate Authority. A Multi-Domain SSL Certificate is not quite the same as a Single Domain SSL Certificate, which – once more, as the name suggests – is intended to secure a solitary domain.

To make matters befuddling, you might hear Multi-Domain SSL Certificates, likewise alluded to as SAN endorsements. SAN represents Subject Alternative Name. Each multi-domain certificate has extra fields (i.e., SANs), which you can use to list extra domains that you need to cover under one certificate.

Unified Communications Certificates (UCCs) and Wildcard SSL Certificates likewise take into account multi-domains and, in the last case, a limitless number of subdomains.

Is an SSL Certificate good for SEO?

Of course. While the main role of an SSL certificate is protecting data between the user and your site, there are benefits for SEO also. As indicated by Google Webmaster Trends Analysts, SSL is essential for Google’s inquiry positioning calculation.

Furthermore, suppose two sites are comparable in the substance given yet one has SSL empowered and the other doesn’t. That first site might get slight position support since it’s encoded. Thus, there is a reasonable SEO advantage to empowering SSL on your site and across your pages.

What happens when an SSL Certificate expires?

SSL certificates do terminate; they don’t keep going forever. The Certificate Authority/Browser Forum, which fills in as the accepted administrative body for the SSL business, expresses that SSL authentications ought to have a life expectancy of close to 27 months. This basically implies two years in addition to you can continue as long as 90 days on the off chance that you recharge with time staying on your past SSL certificate.
SSL certificates expire on the grounds that, likewise with any type of confirmation, data should be intermittently re-approved to check it is as yet precise. Things change on the web, as organizations and furthermore sites are purchased and sold. As they change hands, the data applicable to SSL certificates additionally changes. The motivation behind the expiry time frame is to guarantee that the data used to confirm servers and associations is as modern and precise as could be expected.
Previously, SSL certificates could be given for up to five years, which was along these lines diminished to three and most as of late to two years in addition to a likely additional three months. In 2020, Google, Apple, and Mozilla reported they would implement one-year SSL endorsements, in spite of this proposition being opposed by the Certificate Authority Browser Forum. This produced results from September 2020. It is conceivable that later on, the length of legitimacy will lessen even further.
At the point when an SSL certificate terminates, it makes the site being referred to inaccessible. At the point when a client’s browser shows up at a site, it checks the SSL certificate’s legitimacy inside milliseconds (as a feature of the SSL handshake). On the off chance that the SSL certificate has expired, visitors will get a message with the impact of — “This site isn’t secure. Expected danger ahead”.
While clients do have the alternative to continue, it isn’t prudent to do as such, given the online protection chances included, including the chance of malware. This will fundamentally affect bounce rates for site proprietors, as users quickly click off the homepage and go somewhere else.
Keeping on top of when SSL certificates terminate presents a test for larger organizations. While more modest and medium-sized organizations (SMEs) may have one or a couple of declarations to oversee, undertaking level associations that conceivably execute across business sectors – with various sites and organizations – will have some more. At this level, permitting an SSL certificate to terminate is normally the aftereffect of oversight instead of ineptitude. The most ideal way for bigger organizations to keep steady over when their SSL certificates terminate is by utilizing a certificate at the board stage. There are different items available, which you can discover utilizing an online pursuit. These permit ventures to see and oversee computerized declarations across their whole foundation. On the off chance that you do utilize one of these stages, sign in routinely so you can know about when recharges are expected.
In the event that you permit an certificate to lapse, the testament becomes invalid, and you can as of now not run secure exchanges on your site. The Certification Authority (CA) will incite you to restore your SSL certificate before the lapse date.
Whichever Certificate Authority or SSL administration you use to get your SSL certificates from will send you termination notices at set spans, normally beginning at 90 days out. Attempt to guarantee that these updates are being shipped off an email conveyance list — instead of a solitary person, who might have left the organization or moved to another job when the update is sent. Ponder which partners in your organization are on this appropriation rundown to guarantee the perfect individuals see the updates at the right time.

How to tell if a site has an SSL Certificate

The easiest approach to check whether a site has an SSL certificate is by looking at the address bar in your browser:

  • On the off chance that the URL starts with HTTPS rather than HTTP, that implies the site is gotten utilizing an SSL certificate.
  • Secure sites show a closed padlock emblem, which you can tap on to see security subtleties – the most trustworthy sites will have green padlocks or address bars.
  • Browsers likewise give cautioning indications when a connection isn’t secure — like a red lock, a latch that isn’t shut, a line going through the site’s address, or a warning triangle on top of the lock image.

How to ensure your online session is safe

Only submit your personal data and online payment details to websites with EV or OV certificates

DV certificates are not appropriate for eCommerce sites. You can tell if a site has an EV or OV certificate by looking at the address bar. For an EV SSL, the association’s name will be apparent in the address bar itself. For an OV SSL, you can see the association’s name’s subtleties by tapping on the padlock symbol. For a DV SSL, just the padlock symbol is noticeable.

Read the website’s privacy policy

This empowers you to perceive how your information will be utilized. Real organizations will be straightforward about how they gather your information and how they manage it.

Look out for trust signals or indicators on websites

Just as SSL certificates, these incorporate legitimate logos or identifications which show the site satisfies explicit security guidelines. Different signs that can assist you with deciding whether a site is genuine or exclude checking for an actual location and phone number, checking their returns or refunds policy, and ensuring costs are credible and not very great to be valid.

Stay alert to phishing scams

In some cases, digital assailants make sites that copy existing sites to fool individuals into buying something or signing in to their phishing site. It is feasible for a phishing site to acquire an SSL certificate and subsequently encode all the traffic that streams among you and it. A developing extent of phishing tricks happens on HTTPS destinations — misleading clients who feel consoled by the padlock symbol’s quality.

To keep away from these sorts of assaults:

  • Continuously look at the domain of the site you are on and guarantee it is spelt accurately. The URL of a fake site may vary by just one character – e.g., amaz0n.com rather than amazon.com. If all else fails, type the domain straightforwardly into your browser to ensure you are interfacing with the site you plan to visit.
  • Never enter logins, passwords, banking certifications, or some other individual data on the site except if you make certain of its validness.
  • Continuously think about what a specific site is offering, regardless of whether it looks dubious, and whether you truly need to enlist on it.
  • Ensure your devices are all around secured: Kaspersky Internet Security checks URLs against a broad data set of phishing sites, and it recognizes tricks paying little heed to how “safe” the asset looks.

Network safety chances keep on developing yet understanding the kinds of SSL testaments to pay special mind to and how to recognize a protected webpage from a possibly perilous one will help web clients stay away from tricks and shield their own information from cybercriminals.